ICHTHYOLITES OF THE OLD RED SANDSTONE

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Superclass Agnatha Haeckel

Class Monorhina Haeckel

Subclass Osteostraci Lankester

Order Ateleaspidiformes Halstead

Family Ateleaspididae Traquair

Ateleaspis tesselata Traquair S

Hemicyclaspis heintzi Westoll S

Order Cephalaspidiformes Halstead-Tarlo

Family Cephalaspididae Agassiz

Cephalaspis lyelli Agassiz L

C. lornensis Traquair L

C. magnifica Traquair L

C. scotica White L

C. spinifer Stensio L

C. traquairi Stensio L

C. watsoni Stensio L

Zenaspis. pagei Lankester L

Z. poweri Lankester (forma typica) L

Z. poweri Lankester var. asper Stensio L

Z. poweri Lankester var. brevicornis Stensio L

Securiaspis caledonica White L

S. waterstoni White L

Subclass Hyperoartii Müller

Order Jamoytiiformes Tarlo

Family Jamoytiidae White

Jamoytius kerwoodi White S

Family Euphaneropidae Woodward

Achanarella trewini Newman M

Cornovichthys blaauweni Newman & Trewin M

Order Birkeniiformes Halstead

Family Birkeniidae Traquair

Birkenia elegans Traquair S

Family Lasaniidae Abel

Lasanius problematicus Traquair S

L. armatus Traquair S

Class Diplorhina Haeckel

Subclass Heterostraci Lankester

Order Pteraspidiformes Berg

Family Pteraspidae Claypole

Pteraspis mitchelli Powrie L

Order Phialaspidiformes Berg

Family Traquairaspididae Kiaer

Traquairaspis campbelli (Traquair) S

Order Psammosteiformes Berg

Family Psammolepididae Tarlo

Psammolepis tesselata (Traquair) U

Family Psammosteidae Traquair

Psammosteus falcatus Gross U

P. taylori Traquair U

Traquairosteus pustulatus (Traquair) U

        Subclass Thelodontii Halstead

Order Thelodontida Halstead

Family Turiniidae Obruchev

Turinia pagei (Powrie) L

Order Katoporida Gross

Family Loganiidae Karatajute-Talimaa

Loganellia scotica (Traquair) S

Shiela taiti (Stetson) S

Family Lanarkiidae Obruchev

Lanarkia horrida Traquair S

L. spinulosa Traquair S

L. lanceolata Marss

Superclass Gnathostomata Haeckel

Class Acanthodii Owen

Order Ischnacanthiformes Berg

Family Ischnacanthiidae Woodward

Ischnacanthus gracilis (Egerton) L

Order Climatiiformes Berg

Suborder Climatioidei Miles

Family Climatiidae Berg

Brachyacanthus scutiger Egerton L

Climatius reticulatus Agassiz L

Parexus recurvus Agassiz L

P. falcatus Powrie L

Vernicomacanthus uncinatus (Powrie ex Egerton MS) L

Family Euthacanthidae Berg

Euthacanthus macnicoli Powrie L

E. curtus Powrie L

E. gracilis Powrie L

Suborder Diplacanthoidei Miles

Family Diplacanthidae Woodward

Diplacanthus crassisimus Duff M

D. longispinus (Agassiz) M

D. tenuistriatus Traquair M

Homocanthus arcuatus Agassiz L

Order Acanthodiformes Berg

Family Mesacanthidae Moy-Thomas

Mesacanthus mitchelli (Egerton) L

M. pusillus (Agassiz) M

Family Cheiracanthidae Berg

Cheiracanthus murchisoni Agassiz M

C. grandispinus M'Coy M

C. latus Egerton M

Acanthodii incertae sedis

Scatacanthus davidsoni Newman U

Class Osteichthyes Huxley

Subclass Actinopterygii Klein

Family Cheirolepididae Pander

Cheirolepis trailli Agassiz M

Infraclass Actinopteri Cope

Family Stegostrachelis finlayi Smith & White M

Class Sarcopterygii Romer

Infraclass Dipnoiformes Cloutier

Order Dipnoi Muller

Family Dipteridae Owen

Conchodus ostreiformis M’Coy U

Dipterus valenciennesi Sedgwick & Murchison M

Pentlandia macroptera (Traquair) M

Pinnalongus saxoni (nomen nudum)Newman & den Blaauwen M

Family Phaneropleuridae Huxley

Phaneropleuron andersoni Huxley U

Family Rhynchodipteridae Berg

Rhynchodipterus elginensis Save-Soderbergh U

Infraclass Rhipidista Cope

Order Holoptychiida Andrews

Family Porolepididae Berg

Porolepis sp. L

Family Holoptychiidae Owen

Asperocephalus milleri Ahlberg (nomen nudem) U

Duffichthys mirabilius Ahlberg U

Glyptolepis leptopterus Agassiz M

G. paucidens (Agassiz) M

Holoptychius nobilissimus Agassiz U

H. decoratus (Eichwald) U

H. flemingi Agassiz U

H. giganteus Agassiz U

Order Osteolepidida Bouleuger

Family Osteolepididae Cope

Glyptopomus minor Agassiz U

G. elginensis Jarvik U

G. kinnairdi (Huxley) U

Gyroptychius agassizi (Traill) M

G. milleri Jarvik M

Osteolepis macrolepidotus Agassiz M

O. panderi (Pander)

Thursius macrolepidotus (Sedgwick & Murchison) M

T. pholidotus Traquair M

Family Eusthenopteridae Berg

Eusthenopteron? dalgleisiensis (Anderson) U

E. traquairi Westoll U

Tristichopterus alatus Egerton M

Order Panderichthyida Vorobyeva

Family Panderichthyidae Vorobyeva & Lyarskaya

Panderichthys leptognathus (Traquair) U

Class Placodermi M’Coy

Order Ptyctodontida Gross

Family Ptyctodontiidae Woodward

Rhamphodopsis threiplandi Watson M

R. trispinatus Watson M

Order Phyllolepida Stensio

Family Phyllolepidae Woodward

Phyllolepis concentrica Agassiz U

P. woodwardi Stensio M

Order Antiarcha Cope

Family Asterolepididae Traquair

Asterolepis alta Traquair (MS) U

A. maxima (Agassiz) U

A. orcadensis Watson ex Traquair MS M

A. thule Watson M

Family Bothriolepididae Cope

Bothriolepis major (Agassiz) U

Bothriolepis alvesiensis Stensio U

B. cristata Traquair U

B. gigantea Traquair U

B. hayi Miles U

B. hicklingi Miles U

B. hydrophila (Agassiz) U

B. laverocklochiensis Miles U

B. leptocheira Traquair U

B. obesa Traquair U

B. paradoxa (Agassiz) U

B. stevensoni Miles U

B. taylori Miles U

B. wilsoni Miles U

Grossilepis brandi Miles U

Family Microbrachiidae Gross

Microbrachius dicki Traquair M

Family Pterichthyodidae Cope

Pterichthyodes milleri (Miller ex Agassiz MS) M

Order Arthrodira Woodward

Holonematids Gardiner

Family Holonematidae Obruchev

Holonema ornatum Traquair M

Homostiidae Gardiner

Family Homostiidae Jaekel

Homostius milleri Traquair M

Coccosteoids Gardiner

Family Coccosteidae Traquair

Coccosteus cuspidatus Miller ex Agassiz MS M

Dickosteus threiplandi Miles & Westoll M

Millerosteus minor (Miller) M

Watsonosteus fletti (Watson) M

Family Plourdosteidae Vezina

Plourdosteus magnus (Traquair) U

Order Palaeospondyloidea Moy-Thomas

Family Palaeospondylidea Gill

Palaeospondylus gunni Traquair M

Placodermi incertae sedis Cosmacanthus malcolmsoni Agassiz U

Superclass Tetrapoda Goodrich

Family Elginerpetontidae Ahlberg

Elginerpeton pancheni Ahlberg U

S = Silurian; L = Lower Old Red Sandstone; M = Middle Old Red Sandstone; U = Upper Old Red Sandstone

Note: Lower, Middle and Upper Old Red Sandstone are roughly equivelent to Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian.